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(There are 8 messages below. -ed) (Editor's Note: Many thanks to the numerous people who suggested the Theweleit work. I have omitted a number of messages which repeated that suggestion without commentary, but I appreciate the response.) 1. Submitted by: Drew Bergerson A_Bergerson@acad.fandm.edu Chris: Check out Klaus Theweleit's _Male Fantasies_. It is required reading in many of my courses, on fascism and on World War One. IMHO, one cannot study masculinity without understanding femininity (the converse is also true, BTW): there is now a large literature on women's roles under Hitler that will help you better understand men's roles under Hitler, implicitly. Another route to take could be to look at fascist body types and the ways in which body types played a role in mass politics and mass destruction. Here, one could do a reading of many different monographs (on Hitler Youth, the SS, medical practices in the Camps), reading them for the physicality of gender roles. Yet another route into masculinity during the Third Reich: homosexuality. Here there is an emerging but still limited literature. Check out Plant, _The Pink Triangle_. Good luck: I would be interested in reading articles or papers on this topic, if you write any! yours Drew Bergerson Visiting Assistant Professor History Department Franklin & Marshall College office: 306 Stager Hall, 717/291-4241 snail mail: F&M History, P. O. Box 3003, Lancaster PA 17604-3003 home:725 College Avenue, #1, Lancaster PA 17603 2. Submitted by: Tim Pursell tspursel@indiana.edu You'll probably want to look at Klaus Theweleit's two volume "Male Fantasies" which outlines (based on Theweleit's understanding of Wilhelm Reich) the sexual fantasies and sexualized identity of what he calls a "soldier male," which (though common to all political arenas in interwar Germany) we often associate most strongly with fascist groups like the SA in Germany or the Squadristi in Italy. Tim Pursell 3. Submitted by: Sam Goodfellow Goodfels@jaynet.wcmo.edu Klaus Theweleit's 2 volumes on _Maennerphantasien_ (also available in English) is a great place to start. Are you looking at all fascisms, or just Nazism? In France, writings by Drieu La Rochelle (especially _Gilles_) are revealing. In any event the writings of the fascists themselves are riddled with discussions of masculinity. Look particularly at organizations like the Reichsarbeitsdienst and even the HJ where the boys are being molded into men. Sam Goodfellow Westminster College Fulton, MO 65251-1299 573-592-5271 Goodfels@jaynet.wcmo.edu 4. Submitted by: Elisabeth Angele library@goethe-newyork.org How about: Theweleit, Klaus: Male Fantasies. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1987. 2 vol. Translated from the German. German Title: Maennerphantasien. In seinem ersten Band _Frauen, Fluten, Koerper, Geschichte_ beschreibt Theweleit die Frauenbilder, die entstanden sind als Maennerphantasien von der Frau. Der zweite Band _Maennerkoerper - zur Psychoanalyse des weissen Terrors_ untersucht verschiedene Massenformationen: die wie die erotische Frau verbotene, verschlingende Masse und ihre Gegenbildungen wie Bloecke, das Heer, die Nation, die Rassengemeinschaft und anaysiert Herkunft und Sinn dieser fuer den Faschismus zentralen Begriffe. 5. Submitted by: Gabriella Etmektsoglou getmek@princeton.edu Dear Christopher Eisler, I would suggest that you get in touch with Prof. Ute Frevert (Uni. Bochum). While she was in Konstanz, one of her assistants was writing his Habilitation on a somewhat related topic. Also, Prof. Ernst Hanisch, (Uni. Salzburg) will be a very good person to contact. You could get his email address from K. Nellen (nellen@iwm.univie.ac.at) Good luck! Gabriella Etmektsoglou Princeton University 6. Submitted by: Dora Apel DoraApel@aol.com The following may be helpful: Klaus Theweileit, MALE FANTASIES, 2 volumes (1987, 1989). Theweileit offers a fascinating analysis of Freikorps literature from the perspective of subjective masculine experience. There are also articles on Nazi sculptors such as ARNO BREKER and THORAK, who produced monumental, eroticized works of nude men, which discuss issues of "masculinity under fascism," but I don't have any exact references. I know there is such an article in the ART JOURNAL that came out in the last five or six years. Good luck. Dora Apel *************************** Dora Apel, Ph.D. Dept. of Art and Art History Wayne State University 7. Submitted by: Charles Robinson crobinson@binah.cc.brandeis.edu Mr. Eisler: You might consider looking at Maurizia Boscagli's _Eye on the Flesh: Fashions of Masculinity in the Early twentieth Century_ (1996). It's a long look at European literature and culture between 1880-1930, exploring the transformation of the male body across a number of genres. Of course there's Klaus Theleweit's 2-volume _Male Fantasies_ -- a psychological exploration of the cultural record left by members of the Freikorps. There is also the consumer angle to pursue -- the role of the body in Italian advertising has been examined by Karen Pinkus _Bodily Desires_ (1995). I'm not sure about the German case, but this might point you in interesting directions. I hope this helps - I'm curious to see what others on the list suggest. Best of luck, 8. Submitted by: Kizer Walker kw33@cornell.edu If you haven't already, it would be important to look at Klaus Theweleit, _Male Fantasies_ [_Maennerfantasien_] (Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1987-1989). Also, Andrew Hewitt, _Political Inversions: Homosexuality, Fascism & the Modernist Imaginary_ (Stanford: Stanford UP, 1996). Recent interest in Ernst Juenger has generated some work that would be useful, e.g.: Andreas Huyssen, "Fortifying the Heart -- Totally: Ernst Juenger's Armored Texts," _New German Critique_ 59 (Spring/Summer 1993): 2- 23. If you can find it, you might have a look at Joerg Meve, _"Homosexuelle Nazis". Ein Stereotyp in Politik und Literatur des Exils_ (Hamburg: MaennerschwarmSkript, 1990). Meve discusses how various "antifascist" texts construct an image of the Nazi as homosexual. Kizer Walker Cornell, German Studies kw33@cornell.edu
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