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Brigadier General O.O. Howard, known as "UhOh" Howard after Stonewall Jackson surprised and routed his 11th Corps at Chancelorsville, commanded the Department of the Columbia in 1876 and managed the Nez Perce crisis: Joseph handled Howard about as effectively as Jackson did. For Howard's side of the story, see his 1908 "Famous Indian Chiefs I Have Known." Will Bagley ------------------------------------ I think the reference may be closer to 1877. Quakers, because of the Grant Peace Policy, were closely associated with Indian reform in general including the Board of Indian Commissioners. Quaker and Christian reformers were often skewered as sentimentalists and pacifists in the western press. I think the Peace Commission reference is likely to the commission in the summer of 1876 following the Battle of the Little Big Horn. It was headed by George Manypenny. I do not know if any of the members were Quakers. Fritz, The Movement for Indian Assimilation, may be useful background for your concerns. It has some nice quotations. David Trask Retired Historian Ft. Collins, CO traskds@earthlink.net ---------------------------------------------
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