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I am looking for comparative cases of preindustrial cities with these two traits: (1) The residential zones are built on mountainsides or hillsides. (2) The civic architecture is built at the BASE of the hill. Most hillside, or hilltop, cities have their civic architecture at the top of the hill, typically for reasons of defense (and/or for symbolic reasons). But I am looking for cases where the civic and religious architecture is at the BOTTOM of the hill (that is, in a less easily defended location). This is the case at the city I have been excavating in Mexico, Calixtlahuaca, and the layout is puzzling. I have found one example, the site of Jam in Afghanistan, probably the ancient city Firuzkuh: Thomas, David. 2007. "Firuzkuh: The Summer Capital of the Ghurids." In _Cities in the Pre-Modern Islamic World: The Urban Impact of Religion, State and Society_, edited by Amira K. Bennison and Alison L. Gascoigne, pp. 115-144. Routledge, New York. If anyone knows of any other examples, please let me know. On Calixtlahuaca, see: Smith, Michael E., Juliana Novic, Peter C. Kroefges, and Angela Huster. 2007. "A New Map of the Aztec-Period City of Calixtlahuaca in Central Mexico." _Antiquity_ 81: "Project Gallery" Online: http://www.antiquity.ac.uc/ProjGall/smith1/index.html or http://www.public.asu.edu/~mesmith9/Calix/index.html Mike Dr. Michael E. Smith Professor of Anthropology School of Human Evolution & Social Change Arizona State University www.public.asu.edu/~mesmith9/ H-Urban: http://www.h-net.org/~urban/ (including logs & posting guidelines) Posting Address: h-urban@h-net.msu.edu / mailto:h-urban@h-net.msu.edu (Click)
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