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The misoginy part is nothing "new." Early on in the development of modern/political-racial antisemitism, the need to recast emancipated Jews as "the other" led caricaturists to also use the effeminate trope, though you find such descriptions more often in the literary dribble. It was a convenient way to draw people's attention who otherwise would have been generally indifferent to this kind of hatred. Casting Western masculinity as threatened by "unreal" men was fairly effective, especially in an era when honor and the separation of public (male) and private (female) spheres was very much the order of things. You can see this in the physical descriptions of Capt. Dreyfus once he stood accused: beyond the stereotypical nonsense, there is the sound his voice, which adversaries cast as that of an effeminate man or even of an old woman. Guillaume Guillaume de Syon History Department Albright College Reading, PA 19612-5234 -- Yocheved Menashe List Editor, H-Antisemitism
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